부여 송국리에 있는 청동기시대 집터 유적이다. 하천과 평지에 인접한 낮은 구릉과 대지 위에 100여 기 이상의 집터가 있을 것으로 추정된다.
집터는 평면 형태에 따라 둥근 것과 긴 네모꼴인 것이 있다. 둥근 집터는 30∼150cm 깊이로 땅을 파서(수혈식주거지) 만들었으며, 한쪽 벽을 얕게 파서 문을 만든 듯하다. 화덕자리가 발견되지는 않았지만 다수의 저장용 구덩이가 발견되었다. 바닥 중앙에 1m 내외의 긴 타원형 구덩이를 파고 그 구덩이 안에 몇 개의 둥근 구덩이를 만들었다. 네모꼴 집터는 30㎝ 미만으로 땅을 판 반움집이나 지상식에 가까운 것으로 기둥구멍이 발견되지 않았으나, 주춧돌이 있는 발달된 집 형태를 하고 있다.
집터 안에서는 토기와 석기가 많이 출토되었다. 토기는 무문토기와 붉은 토기(홍도), 검은 간토기(흑도)가 나왔다. 무문토기는 납작한 밑, 긴 달걀형의 몸체, 목이 없이 아가리가 밖으로 약간 꺾인 모습을 하여 이전의 무문토기와 달라 송국리식토기라 불린다.
돌칼, 돌화살촉, 방추차, 돌도끼를 비롯하여 다양한 석기들도 출토되었다. 그 밖에 많은 양의 불탄쌀과 벽체에 세웠던 판자가 불탄채로 나오기도 하였고, 청동도끼 거푸집(동부용범)이 출토되었다. 청동도끼 거푸집은 부채날형 청동도끼의 틀로서 요령지역의 것과 닮은 것이다. 집터 서쪽에는 우리나라에서 처음으로 무문토기 가마터가 확인되었다.
송국리 집터는 유물을 토대로 기원전 7∼6세기 전에 농경과 수렵에 기반을 둔 사람들에 의해 만들어진 것으로 추측되며, 청동기시대 사람들의 생활상을 보여주는 중요한 자료로 평가된다.
※(부여송국리선사취락지 → 부여 송국리 유적)으로 명칭변경 되었습니다.(2011.07.28 고시)
This is an underground pit habitation from the Bronze Age located in Songguk-ri, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. It is supposed that there are about 100 houses on the low downhills near the streams and fields. The habitations are of two kinds distinguished by their shape, circular or rectangular. The circular sites are dug up 30-150cm deep in the ground, with a wall dug shallowly for entrance. Signs of fireplaces have not been found, but there are multiple holes for storage. In the center there is a long elliptical hole about 1m long and inside this are several more circular holes.
The rectangular sites had two types, one is dug up 30cm deep, and the other is more like on the ground. As for the latter, it looks like it had no hole to bolster pillars but there were foundation stones, which appear in later houses with more developed architecture.
Inside the habitation many kinds of earthenware and stone tools were discovered. Including the ones with no pattern, there were burnished red pottery and black pottery. Pattern-less vessels have a flat bottom and a long egg-shaped body. There is no neck and the beak is bent a little to the outside. They are distinct from former pieces with no pattern, thus, are called Songguk-ri styled pottery. Various stone tools include knives, arrowheads, parts of spinning wheels and axes. In addition, as much as 395g of burnt rice was excavated, and also coal sleets and molds for casting bronze axes, which can be found nowhere else in South Korea. These were similar to the type of molds found in Liaoning province. This discovery shows that Liaoning-styled bronze axes were also made in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. It has been ascertained that to the west of the habitations, there is a primitive form of kiln site for making pattern-less potteries, the oldest in Korea. It is believed on the basis of the excavated relics that the habitations at Songguk-ri were made by people who lived on farming and hunting around the 7-6th century B.C. The fact that the evidence places those people in the era of plain coarse pottery, and that graves were discovered along with the habitations at Songguk-ri reveals that people lived in communities. It also makes it possible to ascertain the range of culture based on a new form of housing and a new form of pottery. The discovery of burnt rice here helps to explain the origin and expansion of rice crops in the Korean peninsula. Generally, the Songguk-ri habitations are an important historic site in for attempts to reconstruct the lives of ancient days.
是位于扶余松菊里的青铜时代房址遗址，推测在临近河川、平地的低矮丘陵与台地上有一百多座以上的房址。出土了石刀、石镞、纺轮、石斧等各种石器，还出土了大量被火烧过的大米、曾立在墙体上的被火烧过的木板以及铜斧范。铜斧范是扇形青铜斧的模具，与辽宁地区的出土物相似，经确认在房址西侧发现了我国最早的无纹陶器窑址。推测松菊里房址以出文遗物为基础是公元前7∼6世纪前由以农耕与狩猎为生的人们所制，被评价为了解青铜时代人类生活面貌的重要资料。
扶余松菊里にある青銅器時代の家の跡先史聚落跡で、河川と平地に隣接した低い丘陵と大地の上に100余基以上の家の跡があると推定されている。石刀・石鏃・紡錘車・石斧をはじめ、様々な石器も出土された。その他に多くの炭化米と壁体に立てた板が火に焼かれたまま出土されたり、銅斧鎔笵も出土された。銅斧鎔笵は扇子の形をした青銅の斧の型で、中国遼寧地域のものと似ている。家の跡の西側には韓国で初めて無文土器の窯跡が確認された。松菊里先史聚落跡は出土された遺物からみて、紀元前7～6世紀に農耕と狩猟に基盤を置いた人々によって作られたものと推測され、青銅器時代の人たちの生活ぶりが窺える重要な資料と評価されている。
