문화재 설명
대안사에 있는 탑비로, 고려시대 승려 광자대사 윤다(允多)의 탑비이다.
광자대사는 대안사를 두 번째로 크게 번성케 한 스님으로, 경문왕 4년(864)에 태어나, 8세에 출가하였다. 사방을 다니다가 동리산에서 수도를 하였고, 그 뒤 가야갑사(迦耶岬寺)에서 계(戒)를 받아, 다시 동리산으로 돌아와서 승려가 되었다. 혜종 2년(945)에 82세로 입적하니, 왕은 시호를 ‘광자’라 내리었다.
비는 비문이 새겨진 몸돌이 파괴되어 일부 조각만이 남아 있으며, 거북받침 위에 머릿돌만 얹혀져 있는 상태이다. 거북은 목이 짧아보이기는 하지만, 머리의 표현이나 몸 앞쪽의 조각이 사실적이고 화려하게 표현되어 있다. 등 위로는 비를 얹기 위한 받침대가 새겨져 있는데, 옆면에 보이는 무늬가 어떤 것을 표현한 것인지 확인하기가 어렵다. 머릿돌에는 네 귀퉁이마다 이무기의 머리조각이 돌출되어 있고, 앞면에는 극락조로 보이는 새가 돋을새김되어 있다. 이러한 새 종류의 조각은 구례 연곡사 동 승탑(국보)나, 구례 연곡사 북 승탑(국보호)에서 잘 나타나 있다.
비몸돌의 파손으로 비문은 거의 판독하기가 힘든 상태이지만 다행히 『조선금석총람』에 일부 글자가 빠진 채로 그 전문이 실려있어, 광자대사가 출가하여 법을 받고 전하는 과정, 공양왕의 옆에서 불심에 대한 문답을 한 일, 고려 태조로부터 극진한 대우를 받았던 일 등을 기록하고 있다.
비문의 글씨는 줄을 친 후 새겨 놓았는데, 전체적으로 건강한 힘이 느껴지고 은은한 기운이 감돌고 있어 통일신라에 비하여 서예가 훨씬 발전되었음을 여실히 보여주고 있다. 곳곳의 여러 조각들을 통해 다양한 장식을 표현하려 했던 참신한 의도가 엿보이는 이 비는 대사가 입적한지 5년 후인 광종 1년(950)에 세운 작품이다.
This memorial stone dedicated to Yunda, a great Buddhist monk in the Goryeo Dynasty, was built in the precinct of the Taeansa Temple. Yunda was the second monk to bring prosperity to this temple. He was born in 864 (the 4th year of the reign of King Gyeongmun of Silla) and became a monk when he was 8 years old. After traveling the country, he practiced asceticism in Dongnisan Mountain. Thereafter, he received Buddhist commandments at the Gayagapsa Temple. He came back to Dongnisan Mountain to serve as a Buddhist monk. When he passed away at the age of 82 in 945 (the 2nd year of the reign of King Hyejong), the king of Goryeo gave him the posthumous title of 'Gwangja'. The main part of the memorial stone had been destroyed and only some of the pieces still remain today. The capstone of the memorial stone is laid on the pedestal of a short-necked stone turtle. The expression of the head and patterns engraved in the front are very realistic. The base of the memorial stone is engraved on its back. It’s hard to make out whether the patterns on both sides are vines or clouds. A python head sculpture is on all the four edges of the capstone. The front side is engraved with geungnakjo, an imaginary bird believed to live in one of the Buddhist heavens. This kind of the bird sculptures are also shown in the East Stupa (National Treasure No. 53) and the North Stupa (National Treasure NO. 54), which are both in the precinct of the Yeongoksa Temple. With various kinds of sculptures, decorations were made to added more diversity to the weak points of each part. Although it’s hard to make out what was written in the epitaph since the memorial stone is broken into pieces and a majority of the pieces are missing, a full version of it was found in a book titled ‘Survey of the Memorial Stones of Joseon’. It records how Yunda became a monk and learned/spread Buddhism. It also records a dialog of questions and answers on Buddhism between Yunda and King Gongyang as well as that he was treated with reverence by King Taejo of Goryeo. In the book, the original inscription on the memorial stone is underlined. This record also serves as a proof that the art of calligraphy was far more advanced and refined than that of the Unified Silla period. It was built in 950 (the 1st year of the reign of King Gwangjong), five years after Yunda died.
坐落于大安寺，是高丽时期僧侣广慈大师允多的塔碑。广慈大师实现了大安寺的二度繁盛，景文王4年（864）出生，8岁出家。云游四方并在桐里山修道，在迦耶岬寺受戒，又重新回到桐里山成为僧侣。惠宗2年（945）圆寂，享年82岁，国王赐予他“广慈”的谥号。碑文画线而刻，整体风格强劲有力又凝聚着隐约的气韵，反映了比统一新罗大为发展的书法。通过遍布于各处的雕刻，可知此碑旨在表现多样性装饰的新颖构思，此碑修建于大师圆寂5年后的光宗1年（950）。
泰安寺にある塔碑で、高麗時代の僧侶であった広慈大師允多の塔碑である。広慈大師は大安寺を2番目に大きく繁盛させた僧で、景文王4年(864)に生まれ、8歳で出家した。四方を巡りながら洞里山で修道し、その後迦耶岬寺で戒を受け、再び洞里山へ戻り僧侶となった。恵宗2年(945)に82歳で入寂すると、王は諡を「広慈」と下した。碑文の字は、線を引いてから彫られているが、全体的に健全な力が感じられ、静かな気韻が漂っており、統一新羅に比べて書道が遥かに発展したことが如実にうかがえる。至る所の様々な彫刻を通して、多様な装飾を表現しようとした斬新な意図が窺えるこの碑は、大師が入寂してから5年後である光宗1年(950)に造られた作品である。
