사적 서울 선릉과 정릉 (서울 宣陵과 靖陵) | 국가문화유산포털

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사적

서울 선릉과 정릉 (서울 宣陵과 靖陵)

Seolleung and Jeongneung Royal Tombs, Seoul

해당 문화재의 정보입니다. 분류, 수량/면적, 지정(등록)일, 소재지, 시대, 소유자(소유단체), 관리자(관리단체)로 구분되어 있습니다.
분 류	유적건조물 / 무덤 / 왕실무덤 / 조선시대
수량/면적	240,589㎡
지정(등록)일	1970.05.26
소 재 지	서울 강남구 선릉로100길 1 (삼성동)
시 대	조선 연산군 1년(1495)
소유자(소유단체)	국(문화재청)
관리자(관리단체)	문화재청 조선왕릉중부지구관리소

문화재 담당부서 : 조선왕릉중부지구관리소- 상세문의

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선릉(宣陵)은 조선 9대 성종(1457~1494, 재위 1469~1494)과 세 번째 왕비 정현왕후 윤씨(1462~1530)의 능이다.

성종은 재위기간 동안 『경국대전』과 『대전속록』, 『국조오례의』를 완성하여 반포하였고, 선비들을 등용하여 기존의 훈구세력과 국정의 균형을 이루게 하였다. 정현왕후는 1473년(성종 4) 성종의 후궁이 되었고, 1480년(성종 11)에 왕비가 되었다. 선릉은 같은 능역에 하나의 정자각을 두고 서로 다른 언덕에 능을 조성한 동원이강릉(同原異岡陵)의 형태로 앞에서 봤을 때 서쪽 언덕이 성종, 동쪽 언덕이 정현왕후의 능이다.

정릉(靖陵)은 조선 11대 중종(1488~1544, 재위 1506~1544)의 능이다.

중종은 재위기간 동안 연산군 시절의 잘못된 정치와 제도를 바로 잡았고, 서적을 간행하여 인쇄 기술을 발전시켰다. 중종이 세상을 떠난 후 서삼릉에 있는 두 번째 왕비 장경왕후의 희릉 서쪽 언덕에 능을 조성하여 능의 이름을 정릉으로 바꿨으나, 1562년(명종 17) 세 번째 왕비 문정왕후가 장경왕후의 능(희릉)은 그대로 두고 중종의 능(정릉)만 현재의 자리로 옮겼다.

『선조실록』에 의하면 선릉과 정릉은 1592년 임진왜란 때 왜적들이 능을 파헤쳐 관까지 불에 타는 변을 당하여, 1593년(선조 26) 두 능을 다시 수리하고 장례를 치렀다.

Seolleung is the place where the graves of King Seongjong, the ninth king of Joseon, and his wife, Queen Jeonghyeon, are buried. King Seongjong devoted his reign to realizing the ideal politics led by an authoritative king and stabilizing the politics of early Joseon by utilizing Confucianism as well as the academe. In Seolleung, the king's and queen's tombs are separated, forming different ridges. The left ridge, where the queen's grave is placed, does not have a stone screen behind. Other stone sculptures are arranged as in the king's tomb according to the book of national ritual guidance. The king's ridge has a twelve-sided stone-screen engraved with the twelve zodiac animal deities in a human body and the stone screen that used to be omitted according to King Sejo's will. Other stone sculptures such as those of the civil vassals stand outside the balustrade. The sculptures of the civil and military vassals look so real in terms of the face but do not have any cubic effect in the body. This is Jeongneung where King Jungjong, the eleventh king of Joseon, is buried. King Jungjong had striven to correct the wrong politics led by Prince Yeonsan but failed following the heated argument between the reformists and the loyalists. Originally, Jeongneung was located on the right side of the tomb of King Jungjong's wife, Queen Janggyeong, but was moved to its current location at the advice of Queen Munjeong, King Jungjong's wife after Queen Janggyeong, i.e., the original location was inauspicious based on geomancy beliefs. Currently, the tomb is located at a very low-lying ground such that it requires special care during floods. The stone sculptures around the tomb were made after those in Seonneung, the tombs of King Seonjong and his wife. This is one of the three royal tombs where only the king without his wife is placed. The other two cases are that of King Taejo, the founding father of Joseon, and that of King Danjong, whose tomb was recognized as that of a king after he was unseated and killed. During the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, both tombs, Seolleung and Jeongneung, were severely damaged. The room for memorial service lies between two tombs and layers used for protection from submersion. Such structure constitutes one of the distinctive characteristics of Jeongneung and Seonneung. Only related officers were allowed in the area of the royal tomb, but the Japanese colonial rule permitted the commoner to cultivate the low-lying ground and even that between two tombs. Due to the cultivation, those woods around the tombs were cut off. After the Korean War, the cultivation around the area by the commoner was accelerated, and farmland reform by the Korean government classified the area as a private farm. As Seoul started expanding in 1960, the city launched the land readjustment project in the 1970s, accelerating the transformation of the area of the royal tombs as a residential area.

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