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Introduction |
The
history of the museum
Established in November, 1984
and approved by the ministry of education in September,
1985, the museum was officially opened as an affiliated
organization of Hallym university on May 18, 1988.
It aims to contribute to the improvement of the
educational level, the advancement of learning,
and the local cultural development through the research
and investigation of various remains and relics
in the area of antiquities, history and folk customs.
The museum is organized into the cultural and management
departments under the chief curator. The successive
chief curators' of the museum are professor Choe
Yeong-hui, professor Gim Jeong-gi, professor No
Yeong-hui, and professor No Hyeok-jin, as the first,
second, third, and forth, respectively. Professor
No Hyeok-jin is the current chief curator in charge.
The cultural department carries out data collection,
arrangement and research while the management is
responsible for the maintenance of buildings, facilities,
the collection, exhibits, the security of the collection
and exhibits, general affairs and accounts.
Currently, there are 2 curators, a full-time research
assistant, and a researcher.
The museum is approaching its 18th birthday, and
has been elevating the cultural knowledge through
the excavation of remains, various cultural events,
and the exhibition of relics. In particular, the
museum has placed great importance on the research
and preservation of Gangwon provincial culture.
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The present condition of facilities, equipment
and fixtures of the museum
The total area of the museum
is 632.25m2. Administrative affairs on the whole
have been processed in the chief curator's office
and the general office which serve as data rooms
as well.
The storehouse, the sorting room and the cleaning
and restoration room are facilitated to clean,
restore, sort, and store excavated and gathered
remains.
The total area of exhibition halls I and II is
335m2. Characteristic remains of each period from
prehistoric times to the Joseon Dynasty are presented.
In addition, the open-air exhibition hall, located
at the left side of the main entrance of the university,
exhibits 16 items of remains. Those items included
the stone case for preserving the placenta and
the umbilical cord of princess Bok Ran, excavated
from the chamber at Taejang-dong, Wonju-city.
Additional items exhibited are lamps of the Joseon
Dynasty, and literate stone statues.
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The Collection
The collection was obtained
through excavation, purchasing, donations, and
loans. All sorted data from the activities of
an excavation and investigation is called 'an
excavation', and the total number of excavations
is 2,000 from 1,446 archeological sites.
There are 1,422 purchased items in the collection
which have been purchased through the standardized
appraisal. Earthen wares of almost every period
make up the majority of the museum's collection,
and well demonstrate the changes in earthen wares
through the current of time.
Particularly, there are various styles of pottery
stand and upper part pottery which shows the characteristics
of the Proto-Three Kingdoms' earthen wares.
Furthermore, the 6 horse style upper pottery attached
to barrel pottery stand, the duck-shaped vessel,
and the 2 sets of white celadon vessel, are appraised
as precious remains.
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Excavation and Gathering
The investigation of remains,
one of the major projects of the museum, began
in full-scale in September, 1984, prior to the
founding of the museum. The investigation of the
actual condition of dolmens, scattered in the
area of Sinmae-ri, Chunseong-gun, Gangwon Province,
had been conducted from the September 1, 1984,
to the October 31, 1984, as part of the research
project of Asian cultural research centre. Excavations
of tumulus located at Maeryong-ri, Yeoju-gun,
Gyeonggi Province had been performed twice before
in 1987 and 1988, respectively. The first excavation
and investigation was carried out from October
11, 1987 to November 20, 1987 followed by the
second investigation from July 18, 1988, to August
11, 1988.
As the result of the investigation, this area
was confirmed as the area of power competition
of the Three Kingdoms, Baekje, Goguryeo and Silla.
The excavated tomb style and the styles of earthen
ware in the area showed multicultural influences,
and the time of construction of the tumulus was
estimated to be in the mid/late 6th century since
Silla debouched into the area.
The excavation and research in the site of Geodonsa
Temple was conducted for four years from 1989
to 1992. Geodonsa Temple is estimated to have
been established in around the 9th century AD,
the earlier Goryeo Dynasty . The report on this
excavation was published in November 2000.
The excavation and research on the placenta and
the umbilical cord of princess Bok-ran (a daughter
of King Seongjong, Joseon Dynasty) was the first
excavation of the placenta and the umbilical cord
in Korea.
From 1980 to 1984, the report on the excavation
and research over Yangju Dae Mo Sanseong Castle
under the supervision of the National Research
Institute of Cultural Properties, was also published
in 1991. Yangju Dae Mo Sanseong Castle was excavated
during the process of the investigation of the
location of Maeso Seong Castle. That is where
Silla won a great victory over Tang's large army
of 200,000 soldiers in the 15th year of Silla
King Munmu's regime( 675).
Yangju Dae Mo Sanseong Castle is regarded for
its contribution to the identification of Silla
around the period of unification of the Three
Kingdoms. Since then, East gate Site and West
gate Site which had been as yet undiscovered were
excavated in 1995 and 1998, respectively, and
the publication of the comprehensive reports of
these excavations has been processed.
In 1993, the trial excavation of Goguryeo's stone
chamber tomb No.2 located at Bangdong-ri, Seo-myeon,
Chuncheon City was launched to improve the maintenance
and preservation of the tomb at Chuncheon's request.
This enabled the identification of the tumulus
structure, determination of the condition of its
relic remains, and its scale including the mound
and the stone chamber as well as the confirmation
of the cultural characteristics, boundary, and
era of Goguryeo Dynasty in the area of Northern
part of Hangang River.
In 1995, the Goguryeo tumulus No.2, which had
been destroyed and laid aside, was also excavated
in Manseon-ri, Dong-myeon, Chuncheon City.
The site of the Joseon Dynasty palace and that
of Oe Gyu Jang Gak were excavated on three separate
occasions from 1995 to 1998.
The site for the palace and that of Oe Gyu Jang
Gak were founded as the site for a temporary palace
during the Goryeo Kingdom and the palace was built
during King Sukjong's regime in the Joseon Dynasty.
Royal documents and books were kept in Oe Gyu
Jang Gak since King Jeongjo's regime, however
they were stolen by French soldiers during the
time of Byeong In Yang Yo. Currently, the remained
structure of the site for the buildings is in
the investigation as part of the restoration project
of Oe Gyu Jang Gak. The trial investigation and
excavation of the site of Sinmae Grand Bridge
at Seo-myeon, Chuncheon City was conducted at
Chuncheon's request from 1995 to 1996.
During the investigation, this area was revealed
to be the site of a large, densely built-up, Bronze-age
community, and the biggest ruins around the northern
part of the Hangang River. In 1997, at a Korean
Water Resources Corporation's request, the Junggeum-ri
Temple site and pottery site in Hoengseong-gun,
Gapcheon-myeon were excavated and saved before
the area was submerged due to the Hoengseong Dam
construction.
The damaged dolmen and residential district caused
by the readjustment of arable land in Oeryong-ri,
Yeongwol-gun were excavated in 1998. In addition,
remained structure investigation was done over
the vicinity of Chuncheon seven stories stone
pagoda, national treasure No.77 to restore it.
In 1999, for the damaged part of a residential
area as the result of the construction of a circular
road at Samcheon-dong, Chuncheon City repaired
and excavated, and in the same year the trial
excavation of ruins of Paleolithic Age was carried
on in Yeongheung-ri and Bangjeol-ri, Yeongwol-gun.
From 1999 to 2000, the trial excavation of cultural
ruins in the Donghae- Jumunjin section was conducted
due to the Donghae express way construction.
The ruins of this area were revealed as one of
the few remaining pottery dwelling ruins of Bronze
Age. In the year 2000, a trial investigation and
excavation was undertaken as part of the restoration
project of Hwaeumdongjeongsa Temple in Samil-ri,
Sanae-myeon, Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon Province. Hwaeumdongjeongsa
Temple is where Gim Su-jeung (1624-1701), during
King Hyeonjong and King Sukjong's regime, retired
from politics to a secluded life and studied sung
confucianism after being banishment for a second
time due to GISA change of regime.
Unlike the ordinary
upper class architecture in the late Joseon Dynasty,
Hwaeumdongjeongsa Temple was closely related to
withdrawal from ordinary life, caused by the intensification
of the party strife. The investigation of Hwaeumdongjeongsa
Temple has been still continued to provide measures
of protection, preservation of the temple since
June, 2001.
In 2001, the trial excavation and investigation
of ruins was carried out within the road enlargement
and pavement construction area of Gwirae - Maeji
section at Gwirae-ri, Gwirae-myeon, Wonju City,
Gangwon Province.
All elements to be considered as the proof of
the presence of the ruins of a pottery kiln were
revealed in this area. It was the first investigation
of the ruins of a pottery kiln in Gangwon Province,
and the excavation is an evidence of great historical
significance in local pottery industry from the
late 18th century to the 19th century, when the
society started industrialization.
Beside the ruins site indicator investigation
is another major project of the museum.
From 1984 to 1985, the ruins in Jungwon cultural
area (Yeongwol-gun) were closely investigated
twice and the investigations were to arrange related
data of the scattered cultural remains from Myeon
and Eup in Yeongwol-gun.
And also, to research the local culture of Gangwon
Province and to preserve the cultural ruins, the
comprehensive investigation on cultural ruins
was conducted on the request of each city and
town in Gangwon Province. Thereby, 'the history
and the cultural ruins of Chuncheon-gun', 'the
history and the cultural ruins of Yeongwol-gun',
and 'the history and the cultural ruins of Inje-gun',
were published in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively.
Since the integration of Chuncheon City and Chuncheon-gun,
the reinvestigation was performed over the changes
and status of cultural remains in this area. The
publication of the comprehensive reports, 'the
history and the cultural ruins of Chuncheon',
followed to report the outcomes of the reinvestigation
and to suggest the preservation policy. And also,
at the request of Incheon City in 1999, the earth
surface investigation and literature review were
conducted to confirm the birth site of General
Gwon Yul who won a great victory over Japan in
the Joseon Dynasty.
In addition, the earth surface investigation of
Mangwu - Chuncheon section within Gyeongchun line
section of double - tracked metro construction,
the earth surface investigation of cultural assets
in the district of residential land development
in Maseok area and Jinjeop, Namyangju, the earth
surface investigation of cultural assets in the
district of residential land development in Geodu-ri,
Chuncheon, the earth surface investigation of
cultural assets in Sinbuk - Yanggu section (Suin-ri
section) within the district of the land improvement
construction, and the earth surface investigation
of cultural assets in Wonju agricultural and industrial
district, had been conducted.
Through the earth investigation, the museum will
continue carrying out its duties and roles as
an organization of protecting and investigating
cultural assets which can be in danger of disappearance
as the result of various development projects
in Gangwon Province.
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The record of publication (Author, title, issue,
year/month/ day)
Reports on excavations and
investigations, have been issued with the title
' a series of museum research report' , and followings
are the list of the issued reports.
1. The excavation report on the site of dwelling
and dolmen in Sinmae-ri (Dec. 1986).
2. The excavation report I on tumulus in Yongganggol,
Maeyong-ri, Yeoju (Apr. 1988)
3. The excavation report II on tumulus in Yongganggol,
Maeyong-ri, Yeoju (Feb. 1989)
4. The excavation report on Yang Ju Dae Mo Sangseong
Castle (Dec. 1990)
5. The excavation report on the chamber for placenta
and umbilical cord of princess Bok Ran
(Nov. 1991)
6. History and cultural ruins of Chuncheon-gun
(Sep. 1994)
7. History and cultural ruins of Yeongwol-gun
(Oct. 1995)
8. The excavation report on tumulus in Bangdong-ri
(Nov. 1995)
9. The excavation report on the ruins of pottery
in Dajeon-dong ( Jun. 1996)
10. History and cultural ruins of Inje-gun
11. History and cultural ruins of Chuncheon (
Dec. 1997)
12. The excavation report on dolmen and the site
of dwelling in Oeryong-ri, Yeongwol(Aug. 1998)
13. The excavation report on tumulus in Mancheon-ri,
Dong-myeon, Chuncheon City ( Apr. 2000)
14. The excavation report on the site of Geodonsa
temple ( Nov. 2000)
15. The investigation of cultural ruins in the
expectant area of road enlargement and pavement
construction within the national road line No.7
(Ganseong - Hyeonnae section) (Nov. 2000)
16. The investigation of cultural ruins in the
expectant area of road enlargement and pavement
construction within the national road line No.7
(Hyeonnae - Myeongpa section) (Nov. 2000)
17. The earth surface investigation report on
cultural assets in the area of road enlargement
and apavement construction within Gwirae - Maeji
section (Dec. 2000)
18. The trial investigation of cultural assets
in the area of road construction within the national
highway road No.38 (Dec. 2000)
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Collection of Relics |
The
museum is the organization performing The earth surface
investigation and excavation in Gangwon Province with
the approval of cultural properties administration. The
protection and research of damaged cultural assets from
various development, has been carried out through the
excavation and investigation.
In addition, museum has been performing the collection
and research of the prehistoric and historic data in Gangwon
Province, and has been recognized as a leading organization
which improve the local cultural level.
The museum will be dedicated to its mission and roles
continuously in Gangwon Province |
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Duck-shaped vessel |
It
is an excavation from Gyeongnam Province and
belongs to Proto-Three Kingdoms. A crest,
a bill, eyes of head part are described realistically
while the body part with hollowed inside is
simple. On the back and tale, there are holes
for pouring and draining. On the bottom of
stomach, there is a round - shaped mounting
support which has a long and thin rectangular-shaped
hole. Duck-shaped vessel was popular during
the Proto-Three Kingdoms era. Initially, it
was soft greyish ware, but became hard bluish
grey ware as its baking temperature increased
gradually. The overall size became small,
the figure of the head became simple, and
the ornamentation was strengthened by the
drawing of feathers on wings or the attaching
of ear ring-shaped wings on the body part.
As there were rooster - shaped vessels as
well as duck - shaped one, the vessel can
be called ' bird - shaped vessel' in a wide
scope.
According to the Chinese book in the 3rd century
A.D., called Three Kingdoms, in Jin Han and
Byun Han which correspond to current Gyeongsang
Province, feathers of a big bird were buried
into a tomb with the dead as people believed
that a bird could ascend the dead to heaven.
Therefore, duck-shaped vessel was buried with
the dead as the guide, or used for rituals
related with water rather than an ordinary
ware of everyday life. |
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Polished Red Pottery Vessel |
Its
short neck is opened slightly towards outside
and it belongs to the Bronze Age. This pottery
vessel was made with finely refined clay,
painted with red iron oxide to give gloss,
and baked well. It is also called ' burnished
red pottery'.
They have been found all around the Korean
Peninsula except from north west region of
the peninsula, Pyeongyang Province, where
a top - shaped earthen ware were made. |
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In the north east area of the peninsula, this pottery
vessel was used since the early Bronze Age, and
assumed to spread out gradually into the center
and south of the Peninsula with rim - perforated
earthen ware.
The pottery was often found in tombs, but recently
found in the site of dwelling. |
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Polished Red Pottery Vessel |
This
axe was excavated in Anmyeondo, Seosan-gun,
Chungnam Province and belongs to the Bronze
Age. On the rear part of the back, there is
a groove, so it is called , 'Grooved stone
axe' or ' grooved stone adze'. A wooden haft
is assumed to be put into the groove. The
blade of the adze was sharpened into'>'
shape roughly whereas the other side of the
blade has a gentle slope rather than ' >'
shape. People in the Bronze Age presumably
used most daily necessities made of wood as
people do in these days. A stone chisel, a
stone axe, a stone adze, a stone plane iron
were used to process wood.
This was because bronze was valuable which
was hard to obtain even though during the
Bronze Age. This grooved stone adze is assumed
to have been used to process trees. |
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In particular, this shape of grooved stone adze,
was also found in Hwanam region of the ancient China
where rice farming was conducted. Thus far, this
adze is regarded as an evidence of the introduction
of rice farming skill from Hwanam region to Korean
Peninsula. However, from where the rice farming
skill introduced, has not been determined. |
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Korean Type Bronze Dagger |
| This
dagger was excavated from Chungnam Province
and made of bronze. This dagger is an artifact
from the Bronze Age, and it is distinguished
from the Lute - shaped dagger (the Lute -
shaped dagger - it is shaped like a lute,
a Chinese musical instrument, therefore, is
called the Lute-shaped dagger; |
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It
is also found very often in Liaoning, China, therefore,
is called the Liaoning type bronze dagger). This
bronze dagger has relatively narrow width of the
dagger body, and is also called 'the slender bronze
dagger' (It is also called ' the Korean bronze dagger
as it has been found a lot in Korea). The characteristic
of the Korean bronze dagger is that the dagger body
and the handle were made separately, and joined
later.
The Chinese dagger and handle was made from the
same piece of bronze.
The dagger shown on the photo was found as its body
alone without the handle. The handle made of normal
wood is assumed to have been painted, and could
be easily decayed and hardly found unlike the bronze
dagger. Furthermore, the sheaths found so far are
bamboo - shaped and painted with lacquer on its
wooden surface. |
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Celadon cup and Stand with Incised Design |
The
whole body is covered with grayish-blue transparent
jade green glaze. The cup is turbid while
the cup stand is relatively transparent and
clear. The ten floral cup has the ten short
floral base which is short and small on the
center of the stand. There are some small
crackles on the surface of inside and outside
of cup due to the release of trapped air under
glaze. The centre of the stand is hallow,
and the inner edge of the stand is slightly
grooved. A cup supporter was engraved with
7 lotus design in intaglio. Around the hallow
cup supporter, the ten floral stand is surrounding
the hallow edge of the cup supporter. The
ten floral base of the stand is the morning
glory - shaped. The width of the base becoming
wide towards the bottom of the base.
The inside of the base of the stand and that
of the cup slope. The inside bottom centre
of the base of the cup protrude.
The base of the cup stand and even the inside
of the base, are covered with glaze. |
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vse of the cup stand and cup itself, have glaze
crackles. The celadon cup and stand is engraved
with designs in intaglio and proportionally well-balanced. |
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Celadon kettle with underglaze iron-painted chrysanthemum |
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kettle consists of the round body, the handle, the
mouth, and the lid. It was used with table or a
cup with stand. The usage of the kettle was a tea
pot or a decanter. The majority of decanters and
wine cups were made of metal or ceramic. The metal
one is assumed to have been used the most. The bronze
one had been made during the Unified Silla Kingdom
period. Various decanters and wine cups, in terms
of styles, techniques, and paints, during the Goryeo
Dynasty. They were celadons, white celadons, and
black celadons. The technique applied to these ware
are the intaglio, the embossment, pictograph, the
openwork. Cinnabar and iron contained glazes were
used. Greyish-blue paste was covered with turbid
greenish-brown glaze, and the mouth was curved towards
outside of the body. The upper body under the short
rim, slightly slopes around its shoulders. The bonding
of the stripe-shaped handle froms U-shape inbetween
the upper and lower part of the shoulder. The pigtail-shaped
ring was attached to the top of the handle. The
S-shaped mouth is at the opposite direction of the
handle. The chrysanthemum pattern was painted freely
on the shoulders and body, symmetrically in underglaze
iron brown. Leaves were drawn around the chrysanthemum
pattern, and have grass figure unlike the shape
of the petals of the chrysanthemum pattern. The
kettle has Five marks of the quarts at its bottom,
and fine crackles of the glaze on the body. |
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Lotus pattern male roof-end tile |
A
lotus pattern male roof-end tile which is
missing the hinge part to male roof tile,
was made of base clay containing fine sand.
The surface of the paste was covered with
greysh-black soft clay. Inner surface of the
roof-end tile was cleaned with water.
The slim and long twelve-buds is put in the
leaf, the stamen and pistil are protruded
inbetween the leaf and the ovary, and the
ovary is composed of 1 plus 4 leaf fruits.
The boundary line inbetween leaf and leaf,
forms ' Y' shape. Incantation is placed at
main lotus. and a single circle is laid out
around the very end of leaf. Fine leaf lotus
pattern indicates slim and long Lotus-pattern
and the number of Lotus petal is more than
ten on each pattern. The Lotus-pattern belongs
to the Unified Silla Kingdom period, have
16 petals or more. |
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Flower pattern female roof-end tile |
The
female roof-end tile is the rectangular tile,
carved with patterns, and found attched to
the end of the female roof. It is also called,
'Dang Cho Wa(flower pattern roof tile)' or
Yeo Mak Sa.
The tile was installed at the end of an angle
rafter of the roof tile of wooden house) designed
to ease the running of snow and rain. The
front left of the roof-end tile is missing
, and a part of hinged female tile is remaining.
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was made of cane containing paste, covered with
black soft clay, and finished with water. This tile
is symmetry around the modified honeysuckle pattern
of the frontal center. The flower patterns are engraved
in the upper and the bottom of the roof-end tile.
The flower pattern, is twisted once in the middle
of its stem, followed by its split into two stems.
The peony patterns are carved at the ends of each
stems. In the main leaf, incantation is laid out,
and the honeysuckle pattern appears on the bottom
of the front. The female tile hinged on the roof-end
tile, is plain on its back ,and is made of cane
containing paste covered with blackish brown soft
clay. |
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White porcelain with lid mortuary gift |
| Mortuary
gifts are vessels buried in the grave and
believed to be used by the dead in the next
world. They had been made through the Three
Kingdoms era to the Joseon Dynasty. The mortuary
gifts of the Joseon Dynasty were introduced
at late 15th century and buried with the dead
from the 16th to the 19th century after the
style was fixed. This white porcelain with
lid is a piece of a mortuary gift set. The
rest are a small vessel, a saucer, a washbasin,
a portable toilet, and servant-shaped and
maid-shaped toys. They give the impression
of playing house. The porcelain, made of carefully
selected paste is covered with greysh-white
glaze and has a nice gloss the outside. The
lid and the inside of the stand are partially
brown colored due to the peeling off the glaze
by various causes. A small amount of black
ash sticks to the inside of the lid as the
result of burning. |
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rim of the lid stands up straight, and the cintamani
knob is placed on the top of the lid. The width
of the body is getting wider from its short rim
to the shoulder, and narrower from the shoulders
to the stand. The bottom of the stand is shaved.
Cane containing clay and ashes are attached to grounding
surface of the stand and the inner side of the stand. |
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White porcelain of Woman |
This
mortuary gift is the female status, which
was evenly covered with ash-coloured glaze.
The female statue mortuary gift stands and
joins her hands. Male or female figure statue
mostly represents a servant, a maid, or a
subordinate who serves the master. This porcelain
has a shaky head which was fixed with iron
frames. It has clear eyes, a nose, and a mouth,
and wears the skirt which has two engraved
lines down at the front, and a engraved line
and two engraved circles across at the back.
The hands and feet are placed under the skirt,
the back, front, and bottom appear brownish
as the glaze was peeled off. Sands are attached
to the bottom. |
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White porcelain Ink water Container |
| Ink
water container is a stationary where water
is stored and poured from to be mixed with
ink in a palette. Ink water container was
designed to control the amount of water to
be mixed with ink for painting. Two holes
on the container control the amount of water
poured out by adjusting the air circulation.
The holes are also used to fill the water
into the container. Ink water containers are
estimated to have been used together with
ink stones since the Three Kingdoms era as
ink stones were used in the Three-Kingdom
period. In the Joseon Dynasty, after the Goryeo
Dynasty. |
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the
demand on ink stones had been increased as the society
pursued scholarly attainments. Therefore, the design
of ink stones became various and the supply and
demand became large in number. A great number of
ink containers of the Joseon Dynasty, were made
in the shape of animals, birds, insects, mountains,
and musical instruments. This ink water container
is a white porcelain with blue painting. It was
made in the shape of a fish with the head and the
tail touching each other. Around the fin in the
head, there is a hole for pouring and draining water.
The other hole is in the hallowed boundary where
the tail and the head touching each other. The carved
scales are three dimensional. The bottom of the
ink water container is flat and black coloured.
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Hallym University Museum
