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Introduction |
The
Kwandong University Museum opened on April
10, 1976 on the fifth floor of the Liberal
Art Building in the Gangreung Campus and was
then called Folklore Museum to commemorate
establishment of the Korean History Education
Department (the first curator: Prof. In-Hak
Choi, currently a professor at Inha University).
The relics on the first exhibition included
stoneware from the prehistoric age, earthenware
from the Era of Three Kingdoms, folklore articles
and ancient documents. The quantity of the
relics, however, was very small.
The exhibitions during the early history of
the museum were made in such a way that the
artifacts were placed on rectangular tables
or hung from the walls without being covered.
The major relics of the museum are semi-lunar
stone dagger, sickle knife and whetted stone
knife from the Bronze Age excavated during
the construction of the residence (Ponam-dong
in Gangreung-si) of the third president of
the university (David Livingston) in February
1963. At that time, archeological surveys
and studies of historic sites and relics from
the Bronze Age were not widely practiced in
Korea. The excavated relics were considered
invaluable and attracted much interest from
the academic societies of archeology.
After the museum opened, the researchers of
the museum led by Prof. Cheon-Sik Sin (currently,
a professor at the History Department of Myeongji
University) explored the Gangweon areas and
collected data relevant to the relics and
the folklore materials. The collected data
include tombstone pieces, convex tiles and
inscribed roof tiles excavated from the Gulsansa
Temple site in Gangreung, the principal temple
of Yeogul Temple school, one of the nine temple
schools of the late Silla and the early Goryeo
era. Further, the museum excavated one horse-mounted
man shaped pot from the Era of Three Kingdoms
at Anin-ri in Gangreung, earthenware items,
and burial accessories of the Era of Three
Kingdoms in the tumulus at Yeongok-ri in Gangreung.
In addition to excavating items, the museum
started purchasing artifacts such as porcelains
and folklore articles with the fund provided
by the university.
During the course of these activities, the
museum's collection of artifacts increased
dramatically, and the university installed
showcases for exhibition of these relics .
The museum's name was also changed to Kwandong
University Museum (Curator: Prof. Cheon-Sik
Sin) on September 1, 1977. In 1981, with a
significantly larger collection,, the museum
was running out of space for exhibition. The
university provided the museum with extra
space on the second and the third floors of
the administration building (currently the
museum building), and the museum was moved
for a period from December 1981 to February
1982, and reopened on March 1, 1982 (Curator:
Prof. Dong-In Bang). The exhibition space
is relatively large:
The folklore materials hall (363 m2) on the
second floor, the hall for ancient artworks,
writings/paintings, ancient books and rubbed
copies on the third floor (637 m2), the archive
(59 m2), and the liberal arts research room
(60 m2).
Once the space for the museum was secured,
Prof. Dong-In Bang at the History Education
Department took office as the curator on March
1982, and deployed a large-scaled collection
activity of folklore materials, ancient documents
and archeological and art relics. The major
relics collected during this time include
folklore articles such as the log mortars,
basswood gimchi containers, well buckets,
rattraps, noodle molds, bush clover pots and
hand mills from Imgye in Jeongseon-gun, and
the white celadon memorial stones. In addition,
the Epigraph Study Club (aka Rubbed Copy Club)
was formed since the Korean History Education
Department (The name changed thereafter: History
Education Department -> History Department
-> History and Culture Department) led
by the professors has been collecting rubbed
copies of epigraphs in Yeongdong area.
During the 1990's and thereafter, the museum
has been actively performing surface surveys
and excavations of cultural properties, published
number of significant academic survey reports,
and held special exhibitions and academic
seminars to contribute to the development
of the local and national culture. The museum
preserves various academic data covering some
seven thousand items and some one thousand
excavated relics.
As previously described, the museum succeeded
in securing a large number of artifacts through
the devotion of the curators and the students
at the History Department as well as the support
of the university. Of the relics, the archeological
materials and artworks, folklore materials
and ancient documents are most common because
of the geological location of the university.
Most of the archeological data, the folklore
materials and the ancient documents, have
been excavated and collected from the Yeongdong
Area in Gangwon-do, and they are from various
ages, from the Old Stone Age to the modern
day. The porcelains have been collected throughout
the country as well as from the Yeongdong
Area, and they date back to the Goryeo and
the Joseon Era.
The relics on display at the Folklore exhibition
halls are occupational and daily living tools
and craftworks made of stone, wood, straw
and grass roots. Of the relics, the hand mills,
log mortars, noodle molds, oil molds, mesh
bags, bush clover pots, well buckets, snowshoes,
and the front flap hinged clothes chest are
valuable relics that provide clear insight
into local characteristics.
The archeology and artwork hall exhibits chipped
stone implements from the Old Stone Age, and
pattern-added pots, comb-pattern pots, combination
type fishing tools and fishing net sinkers
from the New Stone Area excavated from the
Yeongdong Area. The typical tools, semi-lunar
daggers, stone axes, whetted stone knives,
stone arrowheads and pattern-less pots from
the Bronze Age are also on exhibit. The hall
also exhibits earthenware pottery, iron articles
(iron shovels, iron arrowheads and iron spears)
and accessories (silver earrings, jade beads)
from the Iron Age, and relics (earthen pottery,
pot coffins, iron articles, copper crowns
and other accessories) excavated from tumulus
in the Era of Three Kingdoms. The relics of
the Goryeo Era and the Joseon Era in this
hall include convex tile, Buddha statues and
porcelains excavated in the Yeongdong Area.
These items have been referenced in the academic
study of archeology and art history of the
Yeongdong Area in Gangweon-do.
The academic surveys and research activities
of the museum include surface surveys and
excavations in the Yeongdong Area, sponsorship
and participation in academic conventions
and special exhibitions, publication of academic
survey reports and annual reports, and public
exhibitions of the collections. |
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Representative relics |
Semi-lunar stone dagger |
 
Period: Bronze Age
Site: Ponam-dong, Gangreung
Height: 15.5 - 21.0 cm long |
| The
relic was excavated from the residential
site at Ponam-dong in Gangreung. This
relic is a tool widely used during the
Bronze Age for cropping grains. The
dagger is called a semi-lunar stone
dagger, since one side of it is straight,
and the opposite side is round. The
tool was first used in the Angsao Culture
Era, one of New Stone Age cultures of
the Ryaohu River basin, and its use
spread throughout the Korean Peninsula.
The tools are mainly made of slate in
flat oval or half moon shape. In the
center is one or two holes for threading
a rope for easier handling. Tools of
rectangular or triangular shapes were
also found. |
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Monk's bowl-shaped pot with two ears |
Period: Era of Three Kingdoms
Site: Guho-dong, Donghae
Height: Height 15.35 cm, mouth diameter
17.5 cm,
bottom
diameter 11.7 cm |
| The
relic was excavated from an ancient
tomb at Guho-dong in Donghae. The large
mouth is extended outward, and the body
is also large. On both sides of the
body are ring handles. The base is extended
in trumpet shape and opened with square
holes in a single row. The surface of
the body shows that it was rinsed after
the body was stamped with patterns.
This pot is believed to be used in memorial
services. |
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Duck-shaped vessel |
Period: Era of Three Kingdoms
Site: Excavation site not identified
Height: Height 15.95 cm, bottom diameter
9.3 cm |
| Rigid
cured grayish blue animal-shaped pot
with the mouth on the top of the body,
and a large hole on the tail portion.
The head is turned back, and wings are
engraved on the body. The body is divided
into two sections: Double circle patterns
are stamped on the top, and wave patterns
on the bottom.The base is configured
in two steps where square holes are
positioned. Part of the surface is coated
with natural glaze. |
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Horse-mounted man-shaped pot |
Period: Era of Three Kingdoms
Site: Anin-ri, Gangreung
Height: 18.5 cm high and 26.6 cm long |
| Horse-mounted
man-shaped pots are the most complicated
and delicate of the designs found in
shaped vessels excavated from the areas
of Silla and Gaya. There are many elements
relevant to horses in the ancient tomb
cultures in the areas of Silla and Gaya:
Horseshoe-patterned long-neck pot, horseshoe-patterned
round stoneware, horse-mounted man clay
figure, and horse-shaped horn cup. This
horse-mounted man-shaped pot was excavated
at Anin-ri in Gangreung. The horse is
fully harnessed with a saddle, a mudguard,
bridle and a martingale, and the man
is wearing a cap and armor. |
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particular, a mouth is affixed on the breast
of the horse, and a funnel over the hip, and
a handle in lieu of a tail under the funnel.
The relics have been excavated from Geumryeong
Royal Tomb (National Treasure No. 91) in Gyeongju,
from Deoksan-ri in Gimhae (National Treasure
No. 275), and from the ancient tomb at Deokcheon-ri
in Gyeongju. |
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Lotus flower pattern convex tile |
Period: Goryeo Dynasty
Site: Haksan-ri, Gangreung
Height: 15.0 cm diameter |
| The
relic was excavated from the Gulsansa
Temple site at Haksan-ri in Gangreung.
The risen ovary is embossed with lotus
seeds, and seven-petal flower is decorated
on the center. Seven-layer petals are
engraved between the petals, and bead
patterns are engraved on the border. |
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Celadon kettle in the shape of cucumber |
Period: Goryeo Dynasty
Site: Excavation site not identified
Height: 21.3 cm, bottom diameter 8.2
cm |
| A
kettle of cucumber shape with lined
stout body, and a mouthpiece, a handle
and a lid attached. The mouthpiece is
slightly bent at the tip, the handle
is twisted in spiral fashion, and the
center of the top surface of the lid
and the top section of the handle are
connected with a chain. The kettle is
coated with grayish blue glaze, however,
the coating condition is not uniform.
The base is curved inward, and six marks
of flame-resistant earth mixed with
sand are left on the bottom. The lid
was repaired. |
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Celadon kettle in the shape of cucumber |
Period: Goryeo Dynasty
Site: Excavated site not identified
Height: Height 25.1 cm, bottom diameter
7.9 cm |
| A
tall kettle of the body on the top emphasized
with the mouth largely curved outward,
the narrow and ling neck, the wide shoulder.
The mouthpiece and the handle are fixed
on the shoulder. The kettle has no lid.
The mouthpiece was repaired, and it
is not possible to recognize the original
shape. A single embossing line is wounded
at the joint of the neck and the shoulder,
and the body is sectionalized in six
panes by grooves. Jade green glaze with
fine bubbles are coated, and the body
shows fine cracks. The base is legged
base expanded outward, and the relic
was cured on flame-resistant earth on
the bottom of the base. |
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Wooden Kimchi Pot |
Period: Modern era
Site: Gandweon-do
Height: 89.0 cm high and 71.0 cm diameter |
| A
wooden pot made of a large log hollowed
deep for storing Kimchi. The bottom
rests on a support, and the gap between
the body and the support is sealed with
clay to prevent content from leaking.
The pot was used in mountainous regions
of Gangweon-do during winter seasons
for storing food (kimchi). |
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Bush clover pot |
Period: Modern era
Site: Gandweon-do
Height: 50.3 ~ 105.0 cm high and 38.0 - 71.0
cm
diameter |
| A
vessel for storing dried grains. The
pot is made of bush clover and other
thin branches for storing dried grains
in the mountainous regions. A large
pot is made of bush clover branches,
and the top of the pot is sealed with
clay and cattle dung for preventing
grains from decomposition as well as
intrusion of insects. |
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Rattrap |
Period: Modern era
Site: Gandweon-do
Height: 41.0 cm high and 46.0 cm diameter |
| The
rattrap consists of a body (bait chamber),
a pressing bar, and a support. The bait
chamber is made of a log cut flat on
the top and the bottom, hollowed inside
the body, and affixed with a bait plate
connected with the support. The pressing
bar consists of a bottom made of a stone
or heavy black oak log cut in size to
be inserted in the bait chamber, and
a top designed to stabilize the bottom.
When a rat enters in the bait chamber,
the support is suddenly released to
hit the rat. The support is connected
to the pressing bar with a string and
affixed with bamboo piece at the end.
When the plate moves, the support is
released, and the pressing bar hits
the rat. |
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Information |
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Address |
| 522,
Naegok-dong, Gangreung-si, Ganweon-do (210-701) |
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Museum Hours |
Opening
Hours: Monday ~ Friday (10:00 ~ 17:00)
ㆍ Closed on holidays, Saturdays and Sundays
closed
ㆍ Visiting on weekend allowed upon application
in advance |
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Tel |
| 82-33-649-7851
(Liberal art research room), 82-33-649-7859
(Administration office) |
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Fax |
| 82-33-641-1010 |
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Kwandong University
Museum
