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The museum of Daejeon History |
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Introduction |
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The museum of Daejeon History was established in 1991
to preserve the historical traditions of the Daejeon Area,
and to instill a deeper understanding and pride in Daejeon
citizens for their hometown. With the these objectives,
the museum provides information on the history of Daejeon,
and exhibits the cultural relics and artifacts excavated
and discovered through surveys of the historic sites and
research activities. In addition, the museum exercises
scientific preservation methods for preventing the traditional
cultural properties from being damaged. |
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Introduction of Exhibition Halls |
The
exhibition space consists of the ancient artwork hall,
the historical folklore hall, the special exhibition hall
and the outdoor exhibition hall. The exhibitions are mainly
for the history of Daejeon. The hall exhibits the relics
that have been excavated at the historic sites and the
exhibited relics range from those of the prehistoric era
to the last years of the Joseon Dynasty.
The ancient artwork hall, the first exhibition hall, exhibits
relics of the Daejeon area from the prehistoric era tol
the Goryeo Era. The space provides visitors with information
on the formation and evolution of the Daejeon history.
Below are descriptions of the overall history, the history
of respective eras from the prehistoric era to the Goryeo
Era, and the related historic sites and relics. |
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History of Daejeon |
The
Daejeon area is mostly surrounded by mountains. Several
rivers flow in the middle of the basin including Gapcheon,
Yudeungcheon and Daejeoncheon, and these rivers gather
in River Geumgang providing an environment for an active
agricultural culture.
The Daejeon area is abundant with cultural relics from
the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age and the Bronze Age.
This area is recognized for its rich collection of relics
of 54 tribes of Manan from the Era of Three Hans. The
area was Jinhyeon-hyeon belonging to Usul-gun and Hwandeungyasan-gun
in the Era of Three Kingdoms, and Usul-gun was changed
to Bipung-Gun, and Jinhyeon-hyeon to Jinryeong-hyeon in
the 16th year of King Gyeongdeok's reign, in 767 of the
Unified Three Kingdom Era.
Bipung-gun was changed to Hwedeok-gun and its affiliates
Yuseong-hyeon, Deokjin-hyeon, and Jinryeong-hyeon to Jinjam-hyeon
in the Goryeo Era. The area consisted of Hwedeok-hyeon,
Jinjam-hyeon and Yuseong-hyeon belonging to Gongju-mok
in the Joseon Era, and again changed to Hwedeok-gun and
Jinjam-gun in the 32nd year of King Gojong (1895).
The Seoul-Busan Railroad opened in 1905. In March, 1914,
Hwedeok-gun, Jinjam-gun, and part of Gongju were merged
to create Daejeon-gun. The area became Daejeon-eup in
1931, and Daejeon-bu in 1935. Daejeon was changed to Daejeon-si
in 1949, and to Daejeon Special City when it was merged
with Daedeok-gun in 1989. Daejeon Special City was again
changed to the Daejeon Metropolitan City in 1995 and became
a major metropolitan center. |
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Major Projects |
The
projects of the museum include data collection and management,
survey and research, community education and improvement
of exhibition environments. The museum has collected 32,672
artifacts as of 2002: 25% of those are exhibited, and
the remainder is stored in the archive for replacement
of exhibits, special exhibitions or research. In addition,
the museum disinfects all artifacts twice a year for scientific
data management and permanent preservation of the artifacts.
The museum published various survey reports to attract
participations from the academic community: Ancient maps,
agricultural tools, foods, Gimnyeong Gyenaegi Cavern,
freshwater fish, and insects. The museum also surveyed
inhabited islands in the coastal area of Jeju and published
reports, and investigated village forming history, geology
of coast lines, and cultural property index.
The museum continuously educates the community, particularly
the children (through the Children's Course of Museum
and Museum Environment), to promote the understanding
of the culture unique to the island and its inhabitants.
In particular, the Children's Course of Museum has been
extended to rural areas to provide equal opportunity of
education. The museum also provides mobile exhibitions
as a part of its community education efforts to inform
the residents of the traditional cultures of the island
and introduce them to the beautiful site of the island.
The museum also educates the tourists and guides them
through the traditional cultures and natural resources
of the island.
The exhibition improvement project is underway as part
of a long-term plan to satisfy the cultural needs of the
tourists, and improve the quality of the exhibits.
The museum operates automatic ticket vending machines
for the convenience of visitors. |
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The prehistoric cultures in
the Daejeon area - Stone Age cultures |
The
historical sites of the Old Stone Age in the Daejeon area
include those at Gujeuk-dong, Dunsan-dong, Noeun-dong
World Cup Stadium site, Yongho-dong, and historical site
district 3-2 in Daejeong-dong. These historical sites
were formed during the late Old Stone Age. The sites are
common in paleo soil formed around B.C. 15000. The historic
site at Yongho-dong, which has been recently discovered,
is believed to be of the era before the late Old Stone
Age.
The New Stone Age relics in the Daejeon area were found
at the Dunsan prehistoric sites. Some of the relics found
include the circular hut sites, grounded stone articles
and comb-pattern earthenware. It seems that the Dunsan
prehistoric sites were formed around B.C. 2500 to 3000.
Of the excavated relics, the grinding bases, the grinding
bars and the fishing net sinkers indicate beginning of
primitive agriculture and fishing. The relics at Dunsan-dong
are believed to have been made when the New Stone Age
culture, first formed at the seaside, began spreading
inland. |
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The prehistoric culture in the
Daejeon area - Bronze Age culture |
The
excavated relics of the Bronze Age in the Daejeon area
include the stone coffin tombs at Gwejeong-dong, the dolmens
in Nae-dong and Birae-dong, the Dunsan prehistoric relics,
the Guseong-dong historic sites, the colony sites at Sindae-dong,
the historic sites at the World Cup stadium site in Noeun-dong,
the Sangseo-dong sites, the Gung-dong site and the Daejeong-dong
site. The tombs are various: dolmens, stone coffin tombs
and dugout tombs. The typical residence sites include
the rectangular resident sites such as the Dunsan Prehistoric
Sites formed upon introduction of the Bronze Age culture
at the Han River basin around B.C. 8th century, and the
Songguk-ri type residence sites in Buyeo formed around
B.C. 5th or 6th century. The Songguk-ri type of culture
features formation of large scale villages and general
use of bronze tools based on high-level rice farming,
and this indicates that the rice farming in the Daejeon
area started around B.C. 5th - 6th century. It is also
estimated that during this time, power groups formed certain
hierarchical structure in these communities, considering
the large-scale of the villages and the mobilization beginning
of the formation of a political state or a nation.
Various bronze relics have been excavated from the stone
coffin tombs at Gwejeong-dong, and Korean-style brass
daggers and Liaoning-style daggers were excavated from
the dolmen sites in Tanbang-dong, Munhwa-dong and Birae-dong.
It is believed that the abundance of these brass tools
is the result of high-level agricultural productivity
in this area, which is evidenced by the agriculture-pattern
brassware excavated from the Daejeon area. |
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Baekje Culture in Daejeon |
Jiriji
(geography book) in Samguksagi (History of Three Kingdoms
Era) reads that the Hwedeon Area belongs to the north
Ungjin Castle of Baekje, and consists of Usul-gun (currently,
Hwedeok) an its territories Sobipo-hyeon (currently, Gujeuk)
and Naesaji-hyeon (currently, Yuseong), and Jinhyeon-hyeon
in Hwangdeumyasan-gun in the southwest area. In particular,
the name of Usul-gun is written on Usul inscription roof
tile excavated at the building site of Gyejok hillfort,
and this clearly proves that the Daejeon area was one
of the territories of Baekje.
It is not clear when Baekje expanded its territory to
the Daejeon area. But the relics excavated from the Songchon-dong
and Guseong-dong historic site suggest that it was around
the 4th century. The historical site at Weolpyeong-dong
seems to date back to the late 5th century to early 7th
century, and it is determined that the Daejeon area belonged
to Baekje from mid 4th century to early 7th century. Further,
the relics of Silla excavated from Jusan-dong and Gyejok
hillfort, and that it has been said that Gwansan Castle
was in the vicinity of the current Okcheon Hill where
King Seong of Baekje was killed in a battle, indicate
that Daejeon was in the border area of Baekje and Silla
in the 6th century.
However, despite belief that Daejeon formed the border
area between Baekje and Silla, much of the historical
relics excavated from the Daejeon area are that of Baekje.
The key historic sites include Weolpyeong-dong (including
the roof tile kiln), Guseong-dong, Gwanjeo-dong (residence
site), Gung-dong and Noeun-dong. The site at Weolpyeong-dong
yielded two stone hillports, wooden fences and other defending
facilities at the Weolpyeong-dong hillfort. Dugout tombs
and pot tombs have been discovered at Guseong-dong. Hut
sites have been discovered at Gwanjeo-dong, and residential
sites and dugout tombs have been discovered at Daejeong-dong.
In addition, the Gung-dong site yielded dugout stone chamber
tombs and cave-type stone chamber tombs. Two dugout tombs
were reported from the Noeun-dong site. The historic relics
of the Daejeon area will significantly increase once the
hill fort sites are excavated . |
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Hillfort sites in Daejeon area
and expansion of Silla |
The
expansion of the Silla power to the Daejeon area in the
mid 6th century in accordance with the northward expansion
policy of King Jinheung of Silla is worth a note. The
best proof of the expansion is found in the Jusan-dong
tumbs. The typical relics found at this site include short-base
bowls and long-neck base pots from the mid 6th century.
Tumbs from the Weolpyeong-dong site and the Gyejok Hillfort
were excavated in addition to the ones in Jusan-dong.
Silla extended its territory to Samnyeon Hillfort (currently,
Boeun, Chungbuk) starting late 5th century. It was deemed
critical for Silla to occupy the eastern Daejeon, the
strategic point for a marching army to cross River Geumgang
to secure the paths to Wungjin and Sabido Capital, and
Sangju - Yeongdong - Okcheon. On the contrary, Baekje
had to defend the eastern area of Daejeon since the Jusan-dong
tumbs were adjacent to the path connecting the eastern
area and the western area called Jilti Hill in eastern
past on the ridge of Mt. Gyejok in the eastern area of
Daejeon, and for the hillforts widely distributed on peaks
of Mt. Gyejok connecting with Secheon Hill. In particular,
Gwansan Castle where King Seong of Baekje was killed in
a battle was not far from the Mt. Gyejok ridges.
Northward territory expansion of King Jinheung: Recent
destruction of the second stone wall in the Weolpyeong-dong
site yielded two stone chamber tombs of Silla, and Silla
earthenware of unified style of the late 6th century.
Considering the period of the Weolpyeong-dong site is
the early 7th century, the expansion of the Silla power
to the center of the Daejeon basin seems to have occurred
during the same period. The earthenware of the unified
style of Silla excavated from the Gyejok Hillfort indicates
that marching the Silla army from the ridge of Mt. Gyejok
to the Daejeon basin was only a matter of time. |
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Goryeo Culture in Daejeon |
The
Daejeon area in the Goryeo Era consisted of Hwedeok-hyeon,
Yuseong-hyeon and Deokjin-hyeon, and Jinryeong-hyeon belonging
to Gongju-mok. Hwedeok-hyeon was so popular for its Mt.
Gyejok and hot springs in Yuseong-hyeon that the district
was recorded in the History of Goryeo, and there were
many special administration districts relevant to its
productions: Myeonghak-so, Mihwa-bugok, Gapchon-so, Chongae-so,
Boksu-so, Baksan-so, Geumsaeng-so, Seobong-bugok, Heungin-bugok
and Chimi-so. Of the district, Myeonghak-so is historically
recognized for the revolt of Mangi and Mangsoi in the
6th year of King Myeongjong (1176).
The family names in the late Goryeo Era include Im of
Boan and Lee of Hapcheon in Yuseong area, and Hwang of
Hwedeok in Hwedeok area. Park of Chunju, Son of Milyang
and Song of Eunjin made marital relationship with those
families, and lived in the Daejeon area. Of the families,
Hwang family of Hwedeok operated a lodging house called
Miruekwon, a famous official lodging house, and became
a Joseon eras.
The most common relics of the Goyeo Era excavated from
this area are the large kiln site in Guwan-dong and residential
site in Beop-dong. Excavation of the kiln sites in Guwan-dong
and Seongbuk-dong indicate the existence of the jade porcelain
culture in the Daejeon area, and prove the existence of
porcelain shops in the 11th century. Existence of the
kiln sites for the Goryeo porcelains in Guwan-dong shows
that the sites played a key role in producing quality
porcelains for tribute to the royal family of the early
Joseon Dynasty. The Daejeon area also has many Buddhist
artifacts from the Goryeo Era such as the Buddha statue
engraved on rock at Mt. Bomun, the stone Buddhist statue
at Yonghwa Temple, and the recently excavated Bomun Temple
site.
The historic folklore exhibition hall, the second hall,
exhibits relics relevant to the Daejeon area as the center
for academics in Chungcheong-do, the origination of the
scholarly culture of the Seoul area during the Joseon
Era. The hall also provides visitors with opportunities
for understanding the historical folklore through systematic
arrangement and exhibition of the folklore activities
unique to the Daejeon area such as Utari Farmer's Music
Performance, Cultural property No. 1, in the Daejeon Metropolitan
City, and the Scripture Reading Rite, Cultural property
No. 2. The hall also exhibits historical artifacts and
relics relevant to the history and geography, educational
institutes, Confucian culture, scholar communities in
Chungcheong-do in the Joseon Era, and the culture of the
late Joseon Era and the local folklore of the Daejeon
area. |
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The Historical geographic environment
of the Daejeon in the Joseon Era |
The
Daejeon area in the Joseon Era consisted of Hwedeok-hyeon
and Jinjam-hyeon in Gongju-mok. Deokjin-hyeon and Yuseong-hyeon
merged into Gongju-mok in Chungcheong-do. Seo-gu in the
current Daejeon corresponds to Jinjam-hyeon, and Dong-gu,
Daedeok-gu and part of Jung-gu to Hwedeok-hyeon. Daejeon
has been the center of all trade routes in the peninsula.
Hwedeok led to Muneui and Okcheon, and Jinjam to Yeonsan
and Jinsan. And, there were many of official lodging houses
since the later Goryeo Era: Jeongmin-yeok, Mireuk-won,
Deokchang-won, Chongsul-won, Hyeongji-won and Yeoa-won
in Hwedeok-hyeon, and Osan-won and Jiseok-won in Jinjam-hyeon.
Of the houses, Mireuk-won was called Gulpa-won, and one
of the most famous houses. This lodging house was operated
by Hwang family of Hwedeok, who had lived there since
the late Goryeo Era to the early Joseon Era, providing
visitors with lodging. This house is mentioned in many
poems of scholars including the writing of Saek Lee (a
pen name Mokeun) and the preface of Ryun Ha. |
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The liberal art environment
of the Daejeon in the Joseon Era |
Daejeon
has beautiful landscape and convenient living that Jung-Hwan
Lee, the author of Taekriji (a geography book) once told
that the area was worthwhile for . The area in the Joseon
Era consisted of Hwedeok-hyeon, Yuseong-hyeon, Deokjin-hyeon,
and Jinryeong-hyeon belonging to Gongju-mok.
In Hwedeok-hyeon lived local families of Hwang, Lim, Lee,
Bang, Park and Jeong, and in Jinjam-hyeon Kim, Lee and
Jeon. The population was around 25 thousands in the mid
18th century. The major products of this area were forestry
products and herb medicine materials, and porcelains such
as jade porcelains, Punchong bowls and white celadon from
Seongbuk-dong and Guwan-dong in the Mt. Bomunsan sites.
Historic sites and relics from the prehistoric age and
the Joseon Era indicate that the Daejeon area had the
geographical environments for convenient living. |
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The Educational Institutes of
Daejeon in the Joseon Era |
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were also the public educational institutes and the civil
institutes in the Daejeon area. The public institutes
included Hwedeok Hyanggyo and Jinjam Hyanggyo, and the
civil institutes included village schools such as Biraeam,
Okryugak and Sagyoryu, and lecture halls such as Sunghyeon
Lecture Hall. In particular, the Sunghyeon Lecture Hall
was the first lecture hall in the Daejeon area, and was
the central academy for scholars in Chuncheong-do. Recently,
the Daejeon Metropolitan City Government excavated and
restored the Sunghyeon Lecture Hall site, which was destroyed
in the period of King Gojong. The artifacts relevant to
the lecture hall are invaluable for learning the history
of Confucianism study in the lecture halls, and educational
activities of the scholars in Daejeon. |
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Confucian Culture in Daejeon
Area, and Scholars in Chungcheong-do |
The
Daejeon area was the center for scholars in Chungcheong-do
in the late Joseon Era. The Daejeon area was the foundation
for the development of Confucian culture and produced
many notable figures in Confucianism including Paengnyeon
Park (a pen name Chigeumheon), one of the Martyred Six
Loyalists, Jeong Kim (a pen name Chungam), one of the
victim scholars of Purge of Scholars in 1519, Gwang-Pil
Jeong (Munikgong), In-Su Song (a pen name Gyuam) and Gi-Su
Song (a pen name Chupa) brothers, Si-Jik Lee (a pen name
Jukchang) killed in a battle of the Invitation of Qing
(China) in 1639, and Si-Yeol song (a pen name Uam).
The renowned scholars created a significant place for
Daejeon in the history of Confucianism in Korea including:
Si Gwon (a pen name Tanong) student of Ji-Gye Park (a
pen name Jamya), Jang-Saeng Kim (a pen name Sagye) student
of I Lee (a pen name Yulgok), Jun-Gil Song (a pen name
Dongchundang) student of Jip Kim (a pen name Sindokjae),
and Si-Yeol Song (a pen name Uam). These scholars are
called 'Hoseo Sanrim,' who significantly influenced the
society in the late Joseon Era with their strong position
in academics and politics.
The Daejeon area also produced many renowned scholars
such as Gyu-Ryeom Song (a pen name Jeweoldang), Sang-Gi
Song (a pen name Okoje Ok), Myeong-Heum Song (a pen name
Neukcheon) and I-Jin (a pen name Yuhwedang). Many shrines
and lecture halls were built to commemorate them, including
the Sunghyeon Lecture Hall, Dosan Lecture Hall, Miho Lecture
Hall, Jonghwe Shrine, Jeongjeol Shrine, Yongho Shine,
Jipseong Shrine, and Donpa Shrine.
The relics relevant to the Confucianism in the Daejeon
area are: Ssangcheong Hall, Songae Hall, Sau Hall, the
old house of Jun-Gil Song, Dongchun Hall, Birae Hermitage,
Okryu Tower, the old house of Si-Yeol Song, Namganjeong
Pavilion, Giguk Tower, the Archive of Collected Work of
Si-Yeol Song, Sammae Hall, Bongso Tower, Sagyo Tower,
Chibaek Tower, Jeweol Hall, Oko Hall, Site of Neukcheonjeong
House, many study promoting houses, and tombs and tombstones
of the renowned scholars. |
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Daejeon in the Late Joseon Era |
The
Daejeon area was subject to dramatic changes during the
periods from the late Joseon Era to the Japanese Occupation.
New municipal districts were formed with the Daejeon Station
as the center, pursuant to the colonial policies of Japan
which ignored the local social and economic characteristics
of the old municipal districts, and sever the connection
to the traditional cultures. The maps created during the
Japanese Occupation shows that new municipal districts
were formed with the Daejeon Station as the center.
Despite the Occupation and the disruptive policies of
Japan, the Confucianism culture and the Confucian scholars
remained active. In the late Joseon Era, Byeong-Seon Song
(a pen name Yeonjae), Byeong-Sun Song (a pen name Simseokjae)
and Byeong-Hwa Song (a pen name Nangok) represented the
scholars' society in Chungcheong-do, and succeeded the
Chu-tzu Doctrines. Eung-Jo Sin, Geun-Su Song and Do-Sun
Song supported Seok-Bong Mun, the volunteer army general
in Yuseong, in forming an opposition force, reminding
the people of the historical importance of Daejeon.
Also, Daejeon produced many fighters for national independence
and patriots such as Byeong-Seon Song and Byeong-Sun Song,
who committed suicide objecting the Japanese occupation,
and Chae-Ho Sin(a pen name Danjae), a historian and journalist. |
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Folklore Culture of Local Communities
in Daejeon |
| The
folklore culture of the local communities in the Daejeon
area originated from the agricultural economy. The typical
examples of the folklore culture include the farmers'
music and plays relevant to cooperative farming, mountain
spirit memorial services in October similar to the Thanksgiving
Festival, plays and the street parades performed at the
Year's First Full Moon Festival praying for peace of villages.
These are remnants of the typical ceremonies of the old
agricultural society. |
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How to Find Us |
Address |
| 145-3,
Munhwa 1-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon-Metropolitan City |
Exhibition areas |
| Ancient
artwork exhibition hall, Historical folklore exhibition
hall, and Special exhibition hall |
Exhibitions |
| Ancient
artworks and historical artifacts of the Daejeon
area |
Opening Hours |
| 09:00
- 17:00 (excluding the first and the third Monday
and holiday) |
Traffic path |
*
Public transportation: 813,
721, 110-2
* Passenger car:
-Daejeon Toll Gate on Seoul-Busan Expressway ->
Expressway bus termnal ->
Hongdo overhead bridge -> Seodaejeon 4-ga ->
Chungnam University Hospital ->
Chungnam-do Education Committee -> the Museum
(next to the Hanbat Library)
-Anyeong Tall Gate on Daejin Expressway -> Sanseong-dong
4-ga, Daejeon Girls' Information High School 3-ga
-> the museum (next to the Hanbat Library) |
Tel |
| 82+
42-580-4359 |
Fax |
| 82+
42-580-4410 |
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